Insecticidal compositions and methods employing phosphorylated anilides

ABSTRACT

INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS EMPLOY AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT COMPOUNDS OF THE FORMULA   R4-CO-N(-AR)-CH(-R1)-X1-P(=X2)(-O-R2)-O-R3   WHEREIN AR, R1, R2, R3, R4, X1 AND X2 ARE AS DEFINED HEREINAFTER.

"United States Patent 3,810,981 INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS EMPLOYING PHOSPHORYLATED ANILIDES John F. Olin, Ballwin, Mo., assignor to Monsanto Company, St. Louis, M0.

N0 Drawing. Original application Feb. 20, 1970, Ser. No. 13,173, now Patent No. 3,714,299. Divided and this application June 7, 1972, Ser. No. 260,623

Int. Cl. A01n 9/36 US. Cl. 424-204 30 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Insecticidal compositions and methods employ as the active ingredient compounds of the formula wherein Ar, R R R R, X and X are as defined hereinafter.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 13,173, filed Feb. 20, 1970, now US. Pat. No. 3,714,299, patented Jan. 30, 1973.

The present invention relates to new and useful anilides and to methods of controlling insects with said anilides. This invention also relates to insecticidal compositions containing the novel anilides as an active agent.

The novel anilides of this invention are represented by the formula R X 0B Ar-N-H-JU-i o: R 0R5 wherein Ar is 1 Q or W A A wherein A is alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms; A and A are hydrogen, alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms, chlorine or bromine,

X and X are oxygen or sulfur;

R is hydrogen, tertiary alkyl of at least 4 and not more than 8 carbon atoms, or

Representative compounds of the present invention include those in which the groups of the above formulas have the following identities:

A methyl, ethyl, N-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, primary isobutyl, secondary isobutyl, tertiary butyl, the normal and branched amyls, hexyls, heptyls and octyls.

3,810,981 Patented May 14, 1974 ice A and A --hydrogen, and the alkyl groups of A R hydrogen, tertiary butyl and the tertiary amyls,

hexyls, heptyls, and octyls.

R and 'R -methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, primary isobutyl, secondary isobutyl, and tertiary butyl.

R the alkyl groups of R and R methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, pentoxy, hepoxy, heptoxy, nonoxy, decoxy, dodecoxy, vinyl, allyl, crotyl, methylyl, ethynyl, l-propanynyl, 2 propanynyl, l-pentynyl, 3-hexynyl, the octynyls, decynyls, and dodecynyls, the alkyls of R and R substituted with a halogen, Z-methoxy ethyl, 2-

ethoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 3 ethoxypropyl, 3-isopropoxypropyl, 4 methoxybutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopcntyl, and cyclohexyl.

The novel posphorylated anilides of this invention are prepared by reacting a salt (e.g. ammonium, trialkyl ammonium, or alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or lithium) of a phosphoric acid of the formula with a substantially equimolecular amount of an N- (chloroor bromoalkyl-) anilide of the formula in the presence of an inert organic liquid or solvent (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.) at a temperature above the freezing point of the system up to and including the boiling point of the system, preferably at a temperature in the range of 0 C. to C.

The N-haloalkyl anilide can be conveniently prepared by reacting a suitable N-substituted ortho-substituted aromatic amine with an acyl halide in general accordance with the equation:

wherein Ar, R and R are as defined above. This reaction, which is described in copending application Ser. No. 625,020, filed Dec. 22, 1967, is most conveniently carried out in an inert solvent at a temperature between about 0 C. and C.

The invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of specific examples thereof.

EXAMPLE 1 This example describes the preparation of 6'-t-butyl- N-(mercaptomethyl) O cinnamotoluidide, S-(0,0-diethylphosphorodithioate). About 0.1 mole (16.7 grams) cinnamoylchloride, about 100 grams toluene and about 0.1 mole (17.5 grams) 2-t-butyl-6-methyl-N-methyleneaniline were introduced into a suitable reaction vessel and refluxed at a temperature of about 144 C. for one hour with stirring, and then cooled to about 45 C. A solution of the triethylammonium salt of 1 mole (18.6 grams) of 0,0-diethylphosphorodithioic acid in 100 grams of benzone was then added to the reaction vessel. The mixture was then refluxed at a temperature of about 93 C. for approximately 15 minutes and allowed to cool to about 50 C. The reaction mixture was filtered, the precipitate washed with benzene, and the filtrate evaporated to dryness, thus obtaining a thick amber liquid which became turbid upon cooling. The reaction product was then dissolved in a mixture of 4 parts of isooctane and 1 part benzene, filtered while warm and again evaporated zs u s a,

percent: C, 61.07; H, 7.97; P, 6.30; S, 13.04. Found percent: C, 61.76, H, 7.25; P, 6.14; S, 12.88.

EXAMPLE 2 This example describes the preparation of 2',6'-diethyl- N-(mercaptomethyl)-2-methoxyacetanilide, S (0,0-di- 0 ethyl phosphorodithioate). About 0.1 mole (18.6 gram) of 0,-0-diethyldithiophosphoric acid was introduced into a suitablereaction vessel with about 100 cc. of benzene. The mixture was evaporated while 0.1 mole (10.2 gram) of triethylamine was added over a minute period. 15 When the reaction was substantially completed in the formation of the phosphoric acid salt, the temperature was adjusted to about C. and 0.1 mole (27 gram) of N- chloromethyl 2,6'-diethyl 2 methoxyacetanilide was added and the mixture refluxed for about a half hour. The 0 mixture was then cooled, the precipitate filtered off, washed with benzene, and air dried. The filtrate was evacuated under vacuum, giving a coffee colored syrupy oil. The oil was taken up in substantially anhydrous ether, filtered, and again evaporated to provide a clear, dark, 5 amber oil having the following analysis: Calcd for C H NO PS percent: P, 7.60; S, 15.25. Found: P, 7.65;

EXAMPLES 3 THROUGH 13 The following compounds were also prepared by substantial repetition of the general procedures set forth in the foregoing examples:

,. themummonocarboxanilide, S-(0,0-diethyl phosphoro- 0 dithioate) (l 1 6'-tert-butyl-N- (mercaptomethyl) -2,4'-chrysanthemummonocarboxoxylidide, S-(0,0-diethy1 phosphorodithioate) 5 5 l2) 6'-tert-butyl-N- (mercaptomethyl) -2',3-chrysanthemummonocarboxoxylidide, S-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate) 13 4',6'-di-tert-butylN- mercaptomethyl -o-chrysanthemummonocarboxotoluidide, S-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate) The terms insect and insecticide" are used herein in their broad common usage to include spiders, mites, ticks, and like pests which are not in the strict biological sense classed as insects. Thus, the term insect is used to refer not only to those small invertebrate animals belonging mostly to the class Insecta, comprising six-legged, usually winged forms, as beetles, bugs, bees, flies, and so forth, but also to other allied classes of arthropods whose members are Wingless and usually have more than six legs, as spiders, mites, ticks, centipedes, and wood lice.

The invention and the manner in which it achieves its objectives will be more readily understood by reference to the following examples in which compounds of the present invention were tested against a number of insect pests.

In order to demonstrate the activity of the compounds of this invention against the yellow fever'mosquito (Ae'ds egyptii) early fourth instar mosquitoes were placed in diluted aqueous acetone solutions of the insecticides held at about F. for 24 hours, and the following mortality observations made:

The utility of the compounds of this invention in controlling sheep blow fly larvae (Lucilia cuprz'na) was illustrated by preparing a homogenized food medium of about 100 grams of minced beef, 200 ml. of water, and 3.5 grams of alginate. The compounds of this invention were added to individual portions of the food medium, which was then infested with the larvae and maintained for 24 hours at 25 C. and 70% RH. With the compound of Example 2 and also with the compound of Example 5, 100% kills were obtained when the insecticides were used at a concentration of 16 p.p.m.

The control of the Mexican bean beetle is readily achieved with the compounds of the present invention. To illustrate this, Lima bean leaves were dipped in aqueous acetone solutions of the compounds and dried. The treated leaves were then offered to Mexican bean beetles (late second instar) for a 48 hour feeding period and the following mortality rates were observed:

Percent Concen- Mor- Compound of Example tration tality Percent Concen- Mor- Compound of Example tratlon tality The effectiveness of compounds of this invention in controlling mites is illustrated by infesting excised lima bean plants with adults of the strawberry spider mite prior to testing. The infested plants are dipped into solutions of compounds of this invention and the mortality rate recorded after a five day period. The compound of Example 2, as well as the compound of Example 5, when used at a concentration of 16 p.p.m. resulted in 100% kill of the mites.

The compounds of this invention are also effective in combatting cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus). In a standard test in which the larvae are maintained in a paper pouch impregnated with the active ingredient, a 100% kill of cattle tick larvae was obtained with the compound of Example 2 at a concentration of 0.56% and a 100% kill was also obtained using the compound of Example 5, at a concentration of 1.12%.

Although the compounds of this invention are useful per se in controlling a wide variety of insect pests, it is preferable that they be supplied to the pests or to the environment of the pests in a dispersed form in a suitable extending agent.

The term dispersed is used herein in its widest possible sense. Particles of the anilides may be molecular in size and held in true solution in a suitable organic solvent, or the particles may be colloidal in size and distributed throughout a liquid phase in the form of suspensions or emulsions, or in the form of particles held in suspension 'by wetting agents. The term includes particles which are distributed in a semi-solid viscous carrier such as petrolatum or soap or other ointment base in which they may be actually dissolved in the semi-solid or held in suspension in the semisolid with the aid of suitable wetting or emulsifying agents. The term dispersed also means that the particles may be mixed with and distributed throughout a solid carrier providing a mixture in particulate form, e.g., pellets, granules, powders, or dusts. The term dispersed also includes mixtures which are suitable for use as aerosols including solutions, suspensions, or emulsions of the compounds of this invention in a carrier such as dichloro-difluoromethane and the like which boil below roomtemperature at atmospheric pressure.

The expression extending agent as used herein includes insecticidal adjuvants and any and all of the substances in which the compounds of this invention are dispersed. It includes, therefore, the solvents of a true solution, the liquid phase of suspensions, emulsions or aerosols, the semisolid carrier of ointments and the solid phase of particulate solids, e.g., pellets, granules, dusts and powders.

The exact concentration of the compounds of this invention employed in combatting or controlling insect pests can vary considerably provided the required dosage (i.e., toxic or lethal amount) thereof is supplied to the pests or to the environment of the pests. When the extending agent is a liquid or mixture of liquids (e.g., as in solutions, suspensions, emulsions, or aerosols) the concentration of the active compound employed to supply the desired dosage generally will be in the range of 0.0001 to 50 percent by weight. When the extending agent is a semisolid or solid, the concentration of the anilide employed to supply the desired dosage generally will be in the range of 0.1 to 25 percent by weight. From a practical point of view, the manufacturer must supply the user with a concentrate in such form that, by merely mixing with water or solid extender (e.g. powdered clay or talc) or other low-cost material available to the user at the point of use, he will have an easily prepared insecticidal spray or particulate solid. In such a concentrate composition, the anilide generally will be present in a concentration of 5 to 95 percent by weight, the residue being any one or more of the well-known insecticidal adjuvants, such as the various surface active agents (e.g. detergents, a soap or other emulsifying or Wetting agent), surface active clays, solvents, diluents, carrier media, adhesives, spreading agents, humectants, and the like.

I There are a large number of organic liquids which can be used alone or in combination for the preparation of solutions, suspensions or emulsions of the compounds of this invention. For example, isopropyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, cyclohexanone, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, tetrachloroethane, hexane, heptane and like higher liquid alkanes, hydrogenated naphthalenes, solvent naphtha, benzene, toluene, xylene,

petroleum fractions (e.g. those boiling almost entirely under 400 F. at atmospheric pressure and having a flash point above about 80 F., particularly kerosene), mineral oils having an unsulfonatable residue above about 80 percent and preferably above about 90 percent. In those instances wherein there may be concern about the phytotoxicity of the organic liquid extending agent a portion thereof can be replaced by such low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons as dipentene, diisobutylene, propylene trimer, and the like or suitable polar organic liquids such as the aliphatic ethers and the aliphatic ketones containing not more than about 10 carbon atoms as exemplified by acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, dioxane, isopropyl ether, and the like.

The anilides of this invention are preferably supplied to the insect pests or to the environment of the insect pests in the form of emulsions or suspension. Emulsions or suspensions are prepared by dispersing the anilides either per se or in the form of an organic solution thereof in water with the aid of a water-soluble surfactant. The term surfactant as employed herein is used as in volume II of Schwartz, Perry and Berchs Surface Active Agents and Detergents (1958 Interscience Publishers Inc., New York) in place of the expression emulsifying agent to connote generically the various emulsifying agents," dispersing agents, wetting agents and spreading agents that are adapted to be admixed with the active compounds of this invention in order to secure better wetting and spreading of the active ingredients in the water vehicle or carrier in which they are insoluble through lowering the surface tension of the water (see also Frear, Chemistry of Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides, second edition, page 280). These surfactants include the well- -known capillary-active substances which may be anionic, cationic, or nonionic which are described in detail in volumes I and II of Schwartz, Perry and Berchs Surface Active Agents and Detergents (1958, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York) and also in the November 1947 issue of Chemical Industries (pp. 811-824) in an article entitled Synthetic Detergents by John W. McCutcheon and also in the July, August, September and October 1952 issues of Soap and Sanitary Chemicals under the title Synthetic Detergents. The disclosures of these articles with respect to surfactants are incorporated in this specification by reference in order to avoid unnecessary enlargement of this specification. The preferred surfactants are the water-soluble anionic nonionic surface-active agents set forth in US. 2,846,398 (issued Aug. 5, 1958). In general, a mixture of water-soluble anionic and watersoluble nonionic surfactants is preferred.

The compounds of this invention can be dispersed by suitable methods (e.g., tumbling or grinding) in solid extending agents either of organic or inorganic natureand supplied to the insect pests environment in particulate form. Such solid materials include for example, tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, kaolin, bole, kieselguhr, talc, bentonite, fullers earth, pyrophillite, diatomaceous earth, calcined magnesia, volcanic ash, sulfur and the like inorganic solid materials as well as organic materials such as powdered cork, powdered wood, and powdered walnut shells. The preferred solid carriers are the adsorbent clays, e.g. bentonite. These mixtures can be used for insecticidal purposes in the dry form, or by addition of water-soluble surfactants or wetting agents the dry particulate solids can be rendered wettable by water so as to obtain stable aqueous dispersions or suspensions suitable for use as sprays.

For special purposes the compounds of this invention can be dispersed in a semisolid extending agent such as petroleum or soap (eg sodium stearate 0r oleate or palmitate or mixtures thereof) with or without the aid of solubility promoters and/or surfactants or dispersing agents.

In all of the forms described above the dispersions can be provided ready for use in combatting insect pests or they can be provided in a concentrated form suitable for mixing with or dispersing in other extending agents. As illustrative of a particularly useful concentrate is an intimate mixture of a compound of this invention with a water-soluble surfactant in the weight proportions of 0.1 to 15 parts of surfactant with suflicient phosphonate to make parts by weight. Such a concentrate is particularly adapted to be made into a spray for combatting various forms of insect pests by the addition of water thereto.

Another useful concentrate adapted to be made into a spray for combatting a variety of insect pests is a solution (preferably as concentrated as possible) of a compound of this invention in an organic solvent therefor. The said liquid concentrate preferably contains dissolved therein a minor amount (e.g., 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of the weight of the new insecticidal agent) of a water-soluble surfactant (or emulsifying agent).

of the surfactants aforementioned in preparing the various emulsifiable, wettable or dispersible compositions or concentrates of this invention, the anionic and nonionic surfactants are preferred. Of the anionic surfactants, the particularly preferred are the well known watersoluble alkali metal alkylaryl sulfonates as exemplified by sodium decylbenzene sulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Of the non-ionic surfactants, the particularly preferred are the water-soluble polyoxyethylene derivatives of alkylphenols (particularly isooctylphenol) and the water-soluble polyoxyethylene derivatives of the mono-higher fatty acid esters of hexitol anhydrides (e.g. sorbitan). These materials in general contain to moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the hexitol anhydride or the alkylphenol.

The compositions of this invention can also contain other additaments such as fertilizers and pesticides used as, or in combination with, the carrier materials. For example, insecticides useful in combination with the above described compounds include parathion, methyl parathion, pyrethrin, nicotine, aldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, toxaphene, malathion, 2-isopropoxyphenyl N- methylcarba-mate, 0,0,0,0 tetramethyl 0,0'-thiodi-pphenylene phosphorothioate, dimethyl phosphate of 3-hydroxy-N-rnethyl-cis-crotonamide, fenthion, carbofuran, mirex, DDT, dicofol, methoxychlor, dichlorvos, demeton, dimethoate, carbophenothion, ronnel, carbaryl, azinphosmethyl, methonyl, aldicarb and the like.

In controlling or combatting insect pests the compounds of this invention either per se or compositions containing them are supplied to the insect pests or to their environment in a lethal or toxic amount. This can be done by dispersing the new insecticidal agent or insecticidal composition comprising same in, on or over an infested environment or in, on or over an environment the insect pests frequent, e.g. agricultural soil or other growth media or other media infested with insect pests or attractable to the pests for habitational or sustenance or propagational purposes, in any conventional fashion which permits contact between the insect pests and the phosphonodithioates of this invention. Such dispersing can be brought about by applying sprays, dips or particulate solid compositions to a surface infested with the insect pests or attractable to the pests as for example, animals such as sheep and cattle, the surface of an agricultural soil or other media such as the above ground surface of plants by any of the conventional methods, e.g. power dusters, boom and. hand sprayers, and spray dusters. Also for subsurface application such dispersing can be carried out by simply mixing the new insecticidal agent per se or insecticidal spray or particulate solid compositions comprising same with the infested environment or with the environment the insect pests frequent, or by employing a liquid carrier for the new insecticidal agent to accomplish subsurface penetration and impregnation therein.

While this invention has been described with respect to certain embodiments, it is to be understood that it is not so limited and that variations and modifications thereof obvious to those skilled in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

What is claimed is 1. An insecticidal composition comprising an insecticidal adjuvant and an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of the formula wherein Ar is Al 1 I l is 1 wherein A is alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms, A and A are hydrogen, alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms, chlorine or bromine,

X and X are oxygen or sulfur,

R is hydrogen, tertiary alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms or 2. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which Ar is 3. A composition in accordance with claim 2 in which A is alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms and A is hydrogen.

4. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R is hydrogen, R is alkoxyalkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms and X and X are sulfur.

5. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R is hydrogen and R is alkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms and X and X are sulfur.

6. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the compound is 2,6-diethyl-2-mercapto-N-(mercaptomethyl)-acetanilide, S,S'-bis-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate).

7. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the compound is 2',6'-diethyl-N-(mercaptomethyD-cyclopropanecarboxanilide, S-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate).

8. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the compound is 2,6'-diethyl-N-(mercaptomethyl)-2,2, 2-trichloroacetanilide, S-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate).

9. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the compound is 2,6-diethyl-N-(mercaptomethyl)-2- methoxyacetanilide, S-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate).

10. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the compound is 2-bromo-6'-tert-butyl-N-(mercaptomethyl)-o-acetotoluidide, S-(0,0-diethy1 phosphorodithioate).

11. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which A! is 12. A composition in accordance with claim 11 in which A is tert-butyl.

13. A composition in accordance with claim 11 in which R is hydrogen, R is alkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms and X and X arev sulfur.

14. A composition in accordance with claim 11 in which R is hydrogen, R is alkoxyalkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms and X and X are sulfur.

15. A composition in accordance with claim 11 in which the compound is N-(Z-tert-butyl-l-naphthyD-N- (mercaptomethyl)-chrysanthemummonocarboxamide, S- (0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate).

16. A method of controlling insects which comprises contacting said insects with an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of the formula wherein Ar is wherein A is alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms, A and A are hydrogen, alkyl of not more than 8 atoms, chlorine or bromine,

X and X are oxygen or sulfur,

R is hydrogen, tertiary alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms or wherein A is alkyl of not more than 4 carbon atoms, Y is chlorine, bromine or iodine, m is an integer from through 5, n is an integer from 0 through 2,

R and R are alkyl of not more than 4 carbon atoms,

and

R is alkyl; alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms, haloalkyl of notmore than 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of more than 6 carbon 10 17. A method in accordance with claim '16 in which A1" is 18. A method in accordance with claim 17 in which A is alkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms, and A is hydrogen.

19. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which R is hydrogen, R is alkoxyalkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms, and X and X are sulfur.

20. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which R is hydrogen, R is alkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms and X and X are sulfur.

21. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which the compound is 2',6'-diethyl-2-mercapto-N-(mercaptomethyl)acetanilide, S,S-bis-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate).

22. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which the com-pound is 2',6'-diethyl-N-(mercaptomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxanilide, S-(0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate).

27. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which A is tert-butyl.

28. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which R is hydrogen, R is alkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms and X and X are sulfur.

29. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which R is hydrogen, R is alkoxyalkyl of not more than 12 carbon atoms and X and X are sulfur.

30. A method in accordance with claim 16 in which the compound is N-(Z-tert-butyl-l-naphthyl)-N-(mercaptomethyl)-chrysanthemummonocarboxamide, S-(0,0- diethyl phosphorodithioate) References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1/ 1973 Olin 260926 8/1951, Hook et a1. 260-944 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,150,373 6/1963 Germany 260-944 ALBERT T. MEYERS, Primary Examiner L. SCHENKMAN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

